In A Perfect World..... - Applied Social Psychology (ASP)

In 1954 Discrimination is defined as sequential steps by which an individual behaves negatively toward members of another racial group: verbal antagonism, avoidance, segregation, physical attack, and extermination (Allport, 1954). In 2013 it is defined as: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, esp. on the grounds of race, age, or sex (Merriam-Webster, 2013). The definition of discrimination now includes age and sex. Did discrimination get worse over the past 60 years or did we increase our understanding of it?

We gained understanding. There are many types of discrimination. Years of defining discrimination as white hostility against other races that created disadvantages in the work place and socially became the "poster child" or "ugly face" of discrimination. We as a people have focused much energy and resources towards eliminating this discrimination. President Kennedy made the fight against racial discrimination a public forum when he promised to put an end to it in his inaugural address (Kennedy, 1961). The following years, though turbulent, saw many changes directed at doing just that, so why in 2012 did the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) report more worker discrimination complaints than ever before in its recorded history?

Many instances of discrimination have been self imposed and we are now seeing the results of that because of economical and financial conditions creating a more competitive market for educational opportunities,?jobs and family sustainability. Phenomena known as avoidance (Becker, 1971) which occurs as the result of a class race or group having an aversion to interracial contact. The acceptance of less to keep from interacting with a specific group or staying away from what could be a racially conflict filled interaction is the basis for this phenomenon.

This is also referred to as a taste for discrimination. Wage and labor markets are affected because long term avoidance can lead to exclusion and segregation which results in acceptance of lower wages and positions. This condition may also be problematic in social situations, employment situations (hiring or promotions), educational situations or even access to healthcare. Therefore, the purposeful avoidance of another person or race can be just as damaging as forced segregation.

In 1954 when the legal segregation of races was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, the percentage of Americans that were in support of laws enforcing fair and equal opportunities was roughly 10% where as 50 years later the percentage is 90% (Bobo, 2001). The remaining 10% are likely to be members of extremist or other groups that exhibit intentional racial behaviors because of a belief of being threatened by other racial groups (Duckitt, 2001). These individuals tend to get more press and media coverage because of the sensationalism surrounding their beliefs and actions therefore an appearance or perception of a larger contingent is experienced.

Because of less tolerance, more education, racial and gender empowerment, forced and accepted (avoidance) segregation has become a focus issue and with many watch groups in place to monitor and protect individuals and their rights the number of complaints legitimately went up. The interventions are in place and will need to stay in place. The monitoring and measuring of the success of these interventions will need to become more focused to ensure new interventions are put in place as needed. ?As long as different societies and cultures continue to interact and mesh together there will be discriminatory acts and whether those acts are intentional or unintentional, they will occur. We must continue research and analysis to keep a vigilant spotlight on the issue of discrimination and continue to empower people to come forward with complaints to keep segregation from occurring on the level it had in the pre-1950 decades.

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Reference:

Allport, G. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, Mass. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.,

Inaugural Address, Kennedy Draft, 01/17/1961; Papers of John F. Kennedy: President's Office Files, 01/20/1961-11/22/1963; John F. Kennedy Library; National Archives and Records Administration.

Bobo, L. (2001) Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century. In America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences, Vol. I, N.J. Smelser, W.J. Wilson, and F. Mitchell, eds. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Duckitt, J. (2001) A dual-process cognitive-motivational theory of ideology and prejudice. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 33, M.P. Zanna, ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Becker, G. (1971) The Economics of Discrimination, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Source: http://www.personal.psu.edu/bfr3/blogs/asp/2013/03/in-a-perfect-world.html

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?In The Studio,? Felicis' Aydin Senkut Shares His Thesis On Frontier Markets

"In the Studio" opens the spring of 2013 by welcoming one of the ?most well-known "super angels," who arrived to Valley, by way of Boston, Philadelphia, and Istanbul, in the mid-1990s, held early product management stints at Silicon Graphics and a little startup called Google, which ultimately catapulted his career into what it is today.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/M0Z7OWpC--w/

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Personal Finance Tricks to Get the Most From Your Money | Zillow ...

Our friends at LearnVest offer sound financial tips and advice for every aspect of life. Check out these personal finance tips everyone should know about.

Just before the Enron scandal broke, the company?s CEO immediately put his money into annuities ? in his wife?s name.

Why? Because those assets are creditor-protected, so they can?t be seized (in this case, by the government).

This is just one example of many ? remember the 14-percent tax rate Mitt Romney paid on his $13 million income? ? illustrating how extremely wealthy people get the most from their money. And, most of them do it legally.

Much of their success comes from knowing where to find loopholes in the financial system ? ?hacks,? if you will. While we would never recommend any illegal or dishonest money moves (seriously, don?t break the law!), there are a handful of legal personal finance hacks that are available to all of us ? like these incredibly useful, low-profile tricks.

Borrow against your home?s equity

This hack is for homeowners, but it?s good for everyone to know about should you ever decide to buy a home.

How It Works: Instead of having the bank front you the money you need through a personal loan, you borrow against your home?s equity. (As a reminder, equity is the difference between the total of your mortgage and the appraised value of your home.)

The benefit here is two-fold: Since you?ve already been approved for a mortgage, the process will be less involved for this loan. You?ll need to get your home appraised, but your lender should be able to walk you through the process. Second, interest payments on home equity loans are typically tax-deductible, unlike interest on personal loans.

Lenders probably won?t give you an amount equivalent to the entire equity ? you?ll get more like 75 percent, at most. But if you have equity of $100,000, that?s $75,000 you may be able to borrow. This is a great option if you?re planning to stay in your home for a while, and your home is worth more than what you paid for it.

If your home is worth less than your mortgage, you have little equity or you?ll be moving soon, this hack is not for you. And, a word of caution: If you go this route, you must be vigilant about making timely payments on your loan ? since you?re borrowing against your home, you could lose it if you fall behind on those payments.

Pay down debt using a zero-interest credit card

For this hack, you need either a respectable credit score in order to apply for a new card or an existing credit card with zero interest.

How It Works: The most insidious part of carrying a large balance on your card is the interest that you?re paying on that balance, which can be as much as 20 percent. With this hack, you?re making a balance transfer to another card to avoid paying that interest.

This maneuver only works with cards that don?t charge interest. Luckily, many credit cards offer an initial promotion of zero interest for up to 18 months when you open a new card. If you?re carrying considerable debt that you intend to pay off within the 18-month period, you can do a balance transfer (essentially, you?re paying off the interest-bearing card using the new card, so your balance appears on a new bill) to pay down your debt without interest.

There is a charge for the balance transfer ? usually around 3 percent of the amount that you?re transferring ? so if you have a very small balance on your card, this might not be the hack for you. The idea is that your would-have-been interest payments cost more than the balance transfer fees. You can figure out how much money you?ll save with this maneuver by using a credit card balance calculator. Note that your credit score will get dinged when you open a new card because you?re changing your utilization rate, but in the grand scheme of things, this ding doesn?t compare to the full-on wreck that is major credit card debt.

Use a Roth IRA to save for college

This hack is useful if you?re saving for a child?s college tuition because it gets around the limited use of 529 accounts. That said, Roth IRAs do come with income limitations: You can contribute to a Roth IRA to the limit if your adjusted gross income is less than $112,000 filing alone, and $178,000 if you?re married filing jointly, so consult your tax advisor before giving this idea a try.

How It Works: A 529 plan is a state-run college savings account. (You can look into the particulars of your state?s program here). It?s not federal income tax-deductible (although some states let you to deduct some of your contributions on your state income taxes), but it does allow you to pull out funds for college tax-free. The downside of a 529 plan is that if and when you apply for financial aid (by filling out the FAFSA form), the money in this account is considered part of your family?s assets. For some families, having savings in a 529 counted as an asset lessens the chances of getting financial aid.

One of the things that we say again and again is that you shouldn?t take money out of a retirement account. There are penalty fees, and it?s basically self-sabotage ? with one exception. That exception is withdrawing the principal ? the money you contributed, and not the interest it has earned ? from your Roth IRA.

We don?t generally recommend this maneuver, but if you?re in a tight spot, it might work for you. Money saved in retirement accounts doesn?t count toward a family?s assets, so you can save money for college in a Roth IRA, apply and possibly qualify for financial aid without declaring those assets. Then you can simply withdraw those savings when it?s time to pay. For example, you and your spouse could each contribute $5,500 (the maximum contribution for 2013) for a total of $11,000 a year. In 15 years, your principal will be $82,500, which you can withdraw to pay for college without penalty.

Something else to know: Retirement accounts are generally creditor-protected, so they can?t be seized by creditors. With 529 accounts, the rules vary by state.

Continue reading about useful financial tricks on LearnVest.

More From LearnVest:

This post originally appeared on LearnVest.com on March 13 and was written by Libby Kane. It is republished here with permission from LearnVest.

Note: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of Zillow.

Source: http://www.zillowblog.com/2013-03-21/personal-finance-tricks-to-get-the-most-from-your-money/

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UCF classes canceled after IEDs found on campus

A UCF police officer stands outside Tower 1. (WKMG-TV)

The University of Central Florida in Orlando canceled some classes on Monday after police responding to a 911 call found improvised explosive devices in a dorm room and a man dead in an apparent suicide.

A school official said a fire alarm went off in the Tower 1 residence hall at approximately 12:20 a.m. Monday. As firefighters were en route, police received a 911 call reporting a man with a gun. The building?which houses about 500 students?was evacuated. During a sweep of the building, police discovered the suspect dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound and a bag containing multiple devices.

Police found an assault weapon in the room as well as the handgun used in the apparent suicide, the school official said. It's unclear if the suspect was a student at the school.

The Orange County Sheriff?s Office and the FBI are assisting campus police with the investigation, the official said. A bomb squad was called in to examine the IEDs.

Students were notified by a text message alert from the school at approximately 2 a.m., according to WKMG-TV.

UCF?s main campus will be closed for all classes until at least noon "out of an abundance of caution," the school said, as police continue their investigation at Tower 1, which remains closed. Classes at other campus locations will continue as scheduled.

"There is no threat to the campus community related to the suspicious death police are investigating in Tower 1," a message published on UCF's Facebook page read.

Staff members from UCF's Counseling and Psychological Services were headed to campus to assist students, the official added.

"Counselors are available in the Recreation and Wellness Center annex to talk with students who need assistance," an alert on the UCF website reads. "Students also can go to the Student Union. The UCF Arena will open at 7 to accommodate students evacuated from Tower 1. Counseling services will move into the Arena at that time."

UCF is the nation's second-largest university, according to its website, with more than 59,000 students enrolled at the school. About 11,000 live on campus.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/lookout/ucf-ieds-classes-canceled-112840470.html

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More Americans Sympathize With Israel, Don't Want U.S. to Lead Peace Talks

Many more Americans continue to side with Israel rather than the Palestinian Authority, but - with President Obama's first visit there days away - most also prefer to leave peace negotiations to the two protagonists, rather than having the United States take the lead.

Fifty-five percent in this ABC News/Washington Post poll sympathize more with Israel, vs. 9 percent who side more with the Palestinian Authority, with the rest favoring neither, or undecided. It's been a similar gap for many years, including polling back to the 1980s testing Israel vs. the Arab nations of the Middle East.

See PDF with full results, charts and tables here.

Despite that preference for Israel, seven in 10 want the U.S. largely to leave resolving the conflict to the Israelis and Palestinians themselves - a result that underscores the difficulties in finding a solution to the decades-old conflict. Preference for the United States to eschew a leading role is 15 percentage points higher than the last time it was asked in an ABC/Post poll, during an outbreak of violence between the two sides nearly 11 years ago.

Even among those who are more sympathetic to one side or the other, regardless of which side it is, about two-thirds don't want the U.S. to take the leading role. That preference rises to about three-quarters of those who don't favor either side.

In another expression of support for Israel, more Americans say the Obama administration has put too little pressure on the Palestinian Authority than too much pressure - 34 vs. 8 percent. They split about evenly, by contrast, on whether the administration has put too much or too little pressure on Israel. About four in 10, meanwhile, think the U.S. has appropriately pressured each side in the conflict.

RELIGION and POLITICS - This poll, produced for ABC by Langer Research Associates, finds little sympathy for the Palestinian Authority across groups, always well behind support for Israel. However, breadth of support for Israel varies considerably, with the Palestinian Authority and frustration with both groups gaining somewhat among less broadly pro-Israel groups.

Among religious groups, sympathy for Israel peaks, at 76 percent, among evangelical white Protestants, falling to 55 percent among non-evangelical white Protestants and Catholics, and bottoming out at 39 percent among those who aren't religiously affiliated. Religiosity is a factor as well, with those who attend religious services more apt to side with Israel.

Support for Israel also is broad - more than seven in 10 - among Republicans and conservatives alike. This drops to roughly five in 10 moderates, independents and Democrats, and to just 39 percent of liberals, with more saying they favor neither side, compared with Republicans and conservatives.

A similar pattern plays out on the matter of the Obama administration's use of influence on each side, with Republicans and conservatives more likely than others to think Israel is being pressured too much and the Palestinian Authority too little. Majorities of Democrats, not surprisingly, are happy with the pressure the Obama administration's applying to each side.

On the other hand, when it comes to U.S. involvement in the peace process, there's agreement across religious, partisan and ideological groups (from 66 to 70 percent) that the two sides should handle negotiations themselves.

Age is another prominent marker of support for Israel, ranging from 48 percent among younger adults to 57 percent of 40- to 64-year-olds and topping out at two-thirds among seniors. Views that the Obama administration is putting too much pressure on Israel, and is applying too little of its muscle with the Palestinian Authority, also peak among seniors.

Obama is scheduled to leave Wednesday for a two-day visit to Israel and the West Bank, ruled by the Palestinian Authority.

METHODOLOGY - This ABC News/Washington Post poll was conducted by telephone March 7-10, 2013, among a random national sample of 1,001 adults, including landline and cell-phone-only respondents. Results have a margin of sampling error of 3.5 points, including design effect. Partisan divisions are 33-25-35 percent, Democrats-Republicans-independents.

The survey was produced for ABC News by Langer Research Associates of New York, N.Y., with sampling, data collection and tabulation by Abt-SRBI of New York, N.Y.

Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/more-americans-sympathize-israel-dont-051205946.html

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Map of 'shortcuts' between all human genes

Mar. 18, 2013 ? Some diseases are caused by single gene mutations. Current techniques for identifying the disease-causing gene in a patient produce hundreds of potential gene candidates, making it difficult for scientists to pinpoint the single causative gene. Now, a team of researchers led by Rockefeller University scientists have created a map of gene "shortcuts" to simplify the hunt for disease-causing genes.

The investigation, spearheaded by Yuval Itan, a postdoctoral fellow in the St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, has led to the creation of what he calls the human gene connectome, the full set of distances, routes (the genes on the way), and degrees of separation, between any two human genes. Itan, a computational biologist, says the computer program he developed to generate the connectome uses the same principles that GPS navigation devices use to plan a trip between two locations. The research is reported in the online early edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"High throughput genome sequencing technologies generate a plethora of data, which can take months to search through," says Itan. "We believe the human gene connectome will provide a shortcut in the search for disease-causing mutations in monogenic diseases."

Itan and his colleagues, including researchers from the Necker Hospital for Sick Children, the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and Ben-Gurion University in Israel, designed applications for the use of the human gene connectome. They began with a gene called TLR3, which is important for resistance to herpes simplex encephalitis, a life-threatening infection from the herpes virus that can cause significant brain damage in genetically susceptible children. Researchers in the St. Giles lab, headed by Jean-Laurent Casanova, previously showed that children with HSE have mutations in TLR3 or in genes that are closely functionally related to TLR3. In other words, these genes are located at a short biological distance from TLR3. As a result, novel herpes simplex encephalitis-causing genes are also expected to have a short biological distance from TLR3.

To test how well the human gene connectome could predict a disease-causing gene, the researchers sequenced exomes -- all DNA of the genome that is coding for proteins -- of two patients recently shown to carry mutations of a separate gene, TBK1.

"Each patient's exome contained hundreds of genes with potentially morbid mutations," says Itan. "The challenge was to detect the single disease-causing gene." After sorting the genes by their predicted biological proximity to TLR3, Itan and his colleagues found TBK1 at the top of the list of genes in both patients. The researchers also used the TLR3 connectome -- the set of all human genes sorted by their predicted distance from TLR3 -- to successfully predict two other genes, EFGR and SRC, as part of the TLR3 pathway before they were experimentally validated, and applied other gene connectomes to detect Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss disease causing genes.

"The human gene connectome is, to the best of our knowledge, the only currently available prediction of the specific route and distance between any two human genes of interest, making it ideal to solve the needle in the haystack problem of detecting the single disease causing gene in a large set of potentially fatal genes," says Itan. "This can now be performed by prioritizing any number of genes by their biological distance from genes that are already known to cause the disease.

"Approaches based on the human gene connectome have the potential to significantly increase the discovery of disease-causing genes for diseases that are genetically understood in some patients as well as for those that are not well studied. The human gene connectome should also progress the general field of human genetics by predicting the nature of unknown genetic mechanisms."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Rockefeller University, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Yuval Itan, Shen-Ying Zhang, Guillaume Vogt, Avinash Abhyankar, Melina Herman, Patrick Nitschke, Dror Fried, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Laurent Abel, and Jean-Laurent Casanova. The human gene connectome as a map of short cuts for morbid allele discovery. PNAS, March 18, 2013 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1218167110

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/tlBsWkX1m-o/130318151639.htm

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AREA SADDLE CLUB DONATES $1500 TO PROACT - Eagan Patch

Bear Valley Riders shares proceeds from rodeos to provide outdoor exercise equipment for people with disabilities

A horseback riding club that can trace its roots to the early 20th century is contributing $1,500 toward improved recreation opportunities for people with disabilities at ProAct in Red Wing.? The Bear Valley Riders Saddle Club is known for its summer rodeos and children?s events.

The club has supported numerous community causes in the past.? ?It?s been something we?ve strived to do over the years,? said Club Secretary Mark Diercks.? He fills that role together with his wife, Judy, and the couple has an adult daughter who receives services from ProAct.? ?She?s the type who has to go out and see people.? It?s a joy for her to go to work, Diercks said.

ProAct Director of Programs and Services Sally Ogren said the nonprofit is grateful for the help.? ?Diminished funding and a difficult economy make it harder than ever to keep up with the need for equipment and supplies for the people we serve,? she said.? The group plans to purchase a basketball hoop, and other outdoor game and activity equipment.

The nonprofit Bear Valley Riders are based in Mazeppa, Minn., and many of its members come from the Zumbro Falls area, Diercks explained.? Its rodeo events typically feature one by one sorting of cows by horseback riders.?

ProAct is headquartered in Eagan and has additional operations in Red Wing, Zumbrota and in Hudson, Wis.? Its mission is to serve individuals experiencing barriers to employment and self-sufficiency due to intellectual and developmental disabilities, physical disabilities, mental health issues, traumatic brain injuries, and other challenges.

Source: http://eagan.patch.com/announcements/area-saddle-club-donates-1500-to-proact

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